Is Medical Debt Disappearing From Your Credit Report?

Health care bills are about to become less threatening to the well-being of millions of Americans.

The three major credit bureaus are erasing most medical debts from people’s credit reports, and it is reducing or eliminating medical debt as a factor in government lending decisions.

Here’s what you need to know about medical debt now.

1 in 5 U.S. households has medical debt

Roughly 1 in 5 U.S. households has medical debt, according to the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau. Some aren’t insured, while others struggle to pay deductibles and other cost-sharing.

Many of these unpaid bills wind up on people’s credit reports. The CFPB found medical debts on 44 million credit reports. Collections can depress your credit scores, which can make it harder to get loans or require you to pay higher interest rates. Bad credit also can cause you to be turned away from jobs or apartments, and require you to pay more for car and home insurance.

Newer versions of credit scoring formulas treat medical debt less harshly, since it shows health care bills aren’t as reliable as a gauge of creditworthiness compared to other types of collections. But most lenders still use older credit scores that don’t distinguish medical debt from other overdue bills.

Rather than wait for lenders to update to the latest credit scores — a process that could take years, if it ever happens — the CFPB announced on March 1 that it would investigate whether medical debt should be included on credit reports at all.

Not long after that the three major credit bureaus — Equifax, Experian and TransUnion — responded by promising to remove nearly 75% of medical debts from consumer credit reports within the next year.

Most medical debts disappearing from credit reports

Starting July 1, all paid medical collections will be eliminated from people’s credit files, and no unpaid bill will be reported until 12 months have passed. By June 30, 2023, the three bureaus will also stop reporting unpaid medical debts under $500.

Consumer advocates hailed the changes but noted that those with larger debts would still face credit damage. Roughly 16 million people owe more than $1,000 in medical debt, and 3 million people owe more than $10,000.

Veterans Affairs, which has already erased $1 billion in copayments owed by veterans, promised to streamline the process so more low-income vets can have their VA bills forgiven. The VA has also stopped reporting most veterans’ medical debts to the credit bureaus.

What you can do to deal with medical debt

Soon you won’t have to worry about a minor medical bill tanking your credit scores. But catastrophic medical bills could still upend your finances. Consider taking the following steps to reduce your vulnerability to medical debt:

• Stay covered. Insured people enjoy more consumer protections, and better access to health care, than the uninsured. People who aren’t covered by workplace insurance or government plans such as Medicare can find coverage through Affordable Care Act exchanges. Start your search at healthcare.gov. Most uninsured people qualify for subsidies to make premiums more affordable.

• Check medical bills for errors. Billing errors are common, so request itemized bills for hospital stays and complex procedures. Dispute any mistakes you find.

• Ask them for help. Hospitals and other health care providers may have financial assistance programs that could reduce or eliminate your bills. (Nonprofit hospitals are required to have such programs but may not offer help unless you ask.)

• Avoid using credit cards. Credit cards tend to have high interest rates that make debt harder to pay. Many health care providers offer interest-free payment plans that allow you to pay off your bill over time.

Legal Disclaimer:

This content provides general consumer information. It is not legal advice or regulatory guidance.